古典管理理论包括哪些内容

管理理论是随着工厂制度和工厂管理实践的发展，在19世纪末20世纪初开始系统形成的。其主要标志是泰勒的《科学管理原理》和法约尔的《工业管理与一般管理》分别于1911年和1916年的出版。这个时期的管理理论通常被称为古典管理理论,主要研究问题涉及科学管理、一般管理以及科层组织。

The management theory is to form in the early 20th century in the 19th century with the development of factory system and factory management practices. Its main sign is Taylor's "scientific management principle" and Favorir's "industrial management and general management" in 1911 and 1916 respectively. The management theory of this period is often referred to as classical management theory, mainly research issues involving scientific management, general management, and teaching organizations.

一、科学管理研究

科学管理是20世纪初在西方工业国家影响最大、推广最普遍的一种管理理论。它包括一系列关于生产组织合理化和生产作业标准化的科学方法及理论依据，是由美国的机械工程师泰勒首先提出并极力推广的，因此通常也被称作泰勒制 （'Tay-lorism)。

泰勒制的产生和迅速发展有着非常深刻的历史背景。科学管理的产生既是资本主义生产力发展的必然，也是维护资本主义生产关系、实现资本对劳动的完全控制的需要。

First, scientific management research

Scientific management is the most influence in the 20th century in Western industrial countries and promotes the most common management theory. It includes a series of scientific methods and theoretical basis for production organization rationalization and production of job standardization, is the first proposal and strongly promoted by the US mechanical engineer Taylor, and is usually called Tay-Lorism.

Taylor's production and rapid development has a very deep historical background. The emergence of scientific management is the inevitable necessity of capitalist productivity, and it is also the need to maintain capitalist production relationships, and realize the need for capital on labor.

二、一般管理研究

在泰勒主要围绕生产过程组织的合理化与生产作业方法的标准化进行科学管理研究的同时，法国的法约尔根据其在企业高层管理岗位上的工作实践，对企业的整体管理进行了系统思考。在总结自己管理经验的基础上，法约尔发表了一系列关于管理的著述。比较重要的有:《工业管理与一般管理》(1916)，《国家在管理上的无能》( 1921)，《公共精神的觉醒》( 1927)，《管理的一般原则》( 1908 ) ,《高等技术学校中的管理教育》( 1917)，《国家的行政管理理论》( 1923)。

Second, general management research

While Taylor mainly surrounds the standardization of the production process, the French French French, France, based on its practice in high-level management positions in the enterprise, systematically thinking about the overall management of the enterprise. On the basis of summarizing their own management experience, Fargoney issued a series of writings about management. More importantly: Industrial Management and General Management (1916), "Unobstructed in Management" (1921), "Public Spiritual Awakening" (1927), "General Principles" (1908), "Higher Management Education in Technical Schools (1917), "National Administrative Theory" (1923).

三、科层组织研究

与历史上的其他组织类型相比，科层组织是最理想的组织形式。这是学者韦伯在深入思考和比较分析后得出的结论。

韦伯认为，只有法理型权力才能成为科层组织的基础，因为这种权力具有下述特征:

( 1)为管理的连续性奠定了基础。因为权力是赋予职务而不是个人的，因此权力的运用不会因领导人的更换而中断。

(2)合理性。担任职务的人员是按照完成任务所需的能力来挑选的。(3）领导人可以借助法律手段来保证权力的行使。

(4）所有权力都有明确的规定，而且是按照组织任务所必需的职能加以详细划分的。

Third, the teaching organization research

Compared with other tissue types in history, KCO is the most ideal form. This is the conclusion that Scholar Weber is deepening and comparable to analysis.

Weber believes that only legal power can become the foundation of the organization, because this power has the following characteristics:

(1) laid the foundation for the continuity of management. Because the power is given a position instead of personal, the power of power will not be interrupted by the leader's replacement.

(2) rationality. People who are positions are selected in accordance with the capabilities required to complete the task. (3) Leaders can guarantee the exercise of power with legal means.

(4) All power has a clear provision, and it is detailed in accordance with the functions necessary to organize the task.